How the human actions intervene with the natural environment

Human is a part of nature. Human has to collect all his needs from nature. So, simply the human actions intervene with the natural environment easily. Some points are given below:

• People need land to grow food. So, they destroy forest and make farmlands for their own.

• People need water so they collect water from the ground which changes the features of ground water.

•  Rivers have been modified for agriculture, urban settlements, to prevent flooding and to generate power.

• Channelization-construction of embankments, dikes, deepening, widening and straitening of rivers.

• They disrupt natural life and lower water quality.

• They pollute both surface and ground water by making industries and through wastes into it.

• Air is polluted by burning fossil fuels, incineration of solid wastes and evaporation of solvents.

• From industries various types of harmful gases are formed which causes acid rain. Acid rain is very dangerous for all living beings and nature.

• People use CFCs for their own betterment and send it to the air after use. CFCs are the main cause of ozone layer depletion.

• Human create dust particles during various construction which pollutes air.

• Human pollutes natural system by producing various types of harmful things and sending it to the nature.

At last, by the human actions different types bio geochemical cycles are affected badly which harms total natural system.

The importance of nitrogen cycle on the natural ecosystem:  Some points are given below about the importance of nitrogen cycle on the natural ecosystem:

• All life requires nitrogen. Nitrogen is primarily stored in living and dead organic matter. The presence of nitrogen in total natural system is maintained by the nitrogen cycle.

• About 79% of the atmosphere is the gaseous form of nitrogen. The amount of this nitrogen is maintained by the nitrogen cycle.

• Nitrogen is the main component of plant growth. But plant can not collect it directly. Different types of bacteria absorb nitrogen by nitrification process from air and plant can take it.

• Nitrification is the most important for all living beings.

• Nitrogen is absorbed by the nitrification bacteria, taken by plants which are taken by animals as food. Then they die and decomposer bacteria send nitrogen to the atmosphere. So. Nitrogen cycle is involved with the total ecosystem.

At last, without nitrogen cycle plants could not make foods and grow up, animal beings could not collect food. So the total ecosystem will be hampered without nitrogen cycle.

The relation between urbanization and air pollution

Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms or damages the natural environment, into the atmosphere. Some points are given below-

•  Urbanization means increase of population in an area. Then they need more foods, cloths and other materials to live. To supply their needs industries are growing up by which air is polluted.

•  More people burn more fuels which creates co2 and other gases. By this urban people pollute air.

• More people need more vehicles for transportation. Vehicles pollute air rapidly. So air is polluted for the result of urbanization.

• Industries are the main components of urbanization. From industries various types of gases are produced which causes acid rain.

• For urbanization forests and many other agricultural lands are reduced. It effects badly on air.

• Urban people use refrigerators, air cooler, perfume etc. which produce CFCs.

• For urban people construction buildings are necessary. Air pollutes when dust particles are being mixed with air from construction works.

How water cycle balance the environmental quality:

The Earth’s water is always in movement, and the water cycle is known as the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the earth. There are some processes of how water cycle balances the environmental quality:

• The balance of water in atmosphere is controlled by water cycle. The water in atmosphere come from ocean and other water bodies by evaporation and by precipitation water is come down. By this process balance of water in atmosphere is controlled by water cycle.

• The presence of water on earth is maintained by water cycle. Water is come down to earth surface, transported by rivers to the ocean and finally evaporated by sun heat.

• The presence of water in the ground is maintained by water cycle. The precipitated waters go down to the ground by infiltration and this water go to the ocean through subsurface flow. Thus, the presence of water in the ground is maintained by water cycle.

• The quantity of glaciers in poles and over mountains are controlled by water cycle.

• While the water cycle is itself a bio geochemical cycle, flow of water over and under the earth is a key component of the cycling of other bio geochemical. 

• Water controls the earth temperature by absorbing.

• Water cycle maintains ecological balance by ensuring the presence of water in right time and right place.

Climate change

Climate change is any long term significant change in the “average weather” of a region or of the earth as a whole. Average weather may include average temperature, precipitation and wind patterns. It involves changes in the consistency or average condition of the atmosphere over durations ranging from decades to million of years.  These changes may be caused by dynamic processes of the earth, external forces including variations in sunlight intensity, and more recently by human activities.

What is climate change? Global climate change is caused by the accumulation of greenhouses gases in the lower atmosphere. The global concentration of these gases is increasing, mainly due to human activities, such as the combustion of fossil fuels (which release carbon dioxide) and deforestation (because forest removes from the atmosphere). The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, has increased by 30 percent since preindustrial times.

Effects on natural environment: Over 100 years ago, people worldwide began burning more coal and oil for homes, factories and transportation. Burning these fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Below are the effects of the climate change that we see happening now-

1)      Sea level rising: During the 20^th century, sea level rose about 15 cm (6 inches) due to melting glacier ice and expansion of warmer seawater. Models predict that sea level may rise as much as 59 cm (23 inches) during the 21st century, threatening coastal communities, wetlands and coral reefs. 

2)      Arctic sea ice is melting:  The summer thickness of sea ice is about half of what it was in 1950. Melting ice may lead to changes in the ocean circulation. Plus melting sea ice is speeding up the warming in the Arctic. 3)   Glaciers and permafrost are melting: Over the past 100 years, mountain glaciers in the areas of the world have decreased in size and so has the amount of permafrost in the Arctic. Greenland's ice sheet is melting faster too.  

4)     Sea-surface temperatures are warming:  Warmer waters in the shallow oceans have contributed to the death of about a quarter of the world's coral reefs in the last few decades.

5)      Heavier rainfall cause flooding:  Warmer temperature has lead to more intense rainfall events in some areas. This can cause flooding. 

6)  Extreme drought is increasing: Higher temperatures cause a high rate of evaporation and more droughts in some areas in the world. 

7)  Ecosystems are changing: At temperatures warm, species may either move to cooler habitat or die. Species that are particularly vulnerable include endangered species, coal reefs and polar animals.

8)    Heat waves more frequent: It is likely that heat waves have become more common in more areas in the world.Human influence on climate change